NbS catalogue

NbS approaches and practices

10 approaches, each with a factsheet on the hazards it reduces, where it fits, its co-benefits, and what to watch out for.

Hazard addressed
Ecosystem
Implementation scale
Indicative cost
Co-benefit
10 approaches
Approach

Beach forest and coastal greenbelt

Native beach forest planted and protected behind the shore to buffer settlements from wind, waves, and storm surge and to stabilise sand.

Coastal erosionLow (community-led)Storm surge and coastal flooding
Approach

Bioswales and rain gardens

Vegetated channels and planted basins along streets and public spaces that collect, filter, and infiltrate stormwater in dense neighbourhoods.

Extreme heatFlooding (riverine and urban)Low (community-led)
Approach

Mangrove protection and rehabilitation

Protecting remaining mangroves and restoring them where they once grew, to reduce storm-surge and erosion impacts while supporting fisheries and storing carbon.

Coastal erosionLow (community-led)Sea-level riseStorm surge and coastal flooding
Approach

Multi-functional retention parks

Parks and open spaces designed to hold stormwater during heavy rain and release it slowly, reducing urban flooding while serving as public space.

Flooding (riverine and urban)High (engineered or large-scale)
Approach

Riparian buffer and riverbank rehabilitation

Vegetated riverbanks and cleared easements that slow floodwater, reduce bank erosion, and give rivers room during heavy rain.

Flooding (riverine and urban)Low (community-led)
Approach

Seagrass and coral reef protection

Protecting and restoring coral reefs and seagrass meadows that break waves offshore, stabilise sediment, and sustain coastal fisheries.

Coastal erosionMediumStorm surge and coastal flooding
Approach

Urban forest and street trees

Trees along streets, in plazas, schools, and pocket forests that shade and cool neighbourhoods, intercept rain, and bring nature into the city.

Extreme heatFlooding (riverine and urban)Low (community-led)
Approach

Urban wetland restoration

Protecting and restoring marshes, ponds, and floodplain wetlands in and around cities to store floodwater, recharge groundwater, and clean runoff.

Drought and water scarcityFlooding (riverine and urban)Medium
Approach

Vegetative slope stabilisation

Deep-rooted vegetation, grass hedgerows, and live bioengineering structures that stabilise shallow slopes above roads and settlements.

Landslide and soil erosionMedium
Approach

Watershed reforestation and agroforestry

Restoring forest cover and agroforestry in upland watersheds to reduce runoff, erosion, and downstream flooding and to sustain dry-season water supply.

Drought and water scarcityFlooding (riverine and urban)Landslide and soil erosionMedium